G. Kulikova Svetlana

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ZEMSTVOS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE AND SANITATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MOSCOW AND TVER PROVINCES)

Authors

G. Kulikova Svetlana

Keywords:

The Moscow Zemstvo, Tver Zemstvo, Zemstvo medicine, rural sanitation, the Zemstvo-the conservatives, the Zemstvo intelligentsia

Abstract

The article analyzes the development of Zemstvo medicine and sanitation on the example of Moscow and Tver provinces. Zemstvo medicine was the first form of medical care for the rural population in the Russian Empire. With the advent of Zemstvo medicine, there was a transformation of ideas about the role of the physician: from a doctor providing paid medical services to medicine as a social service. Analyzing the ascetic role of Zemstvo doctors, the author shows their role in the «cultivation» of the population. The author demonstrates that the development of sanitary-preventive direction was the most important merit of the Zemstvo medicine. The greatest development of sanitary business received in the Moscow province. In many ways, the success of the Zemstvo sanitation is associated with the name of E. A. Osipov, who for 22 years led the Moscow Zemstvo medicine.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ZEMSTVOS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE AND SANITATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MOSCOW AND TVER PROVINCES)