N. Zhukova E.

THE PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS IN THE TVER’ PROVINCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX-TH – THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XX-TH CENTURIES

Authors

N. Zhukova E.

Keywords:

the protection of archaeological monuments, the predatory excavations, the Upper Volga region, the Imperial Archaeological commission, the Moscow archaeological society, the Tver scientific archival commission.

Abstract

The article reveals the features of the process of destruction and loss of archaeological monuments in the Tver province.The paper considers the aspects of the formation of legislation on the protection of ancient mon-uments and the real situation of the protection of monuments on the example of the Tver’ province. In the pre-revolutionary period they started lawmaking twice – in the 70s of the XIX-th century and in the first years of the XX-th century. Meanwhile, they systematized and declared various aspects of the protection of monuments; namely, they developed the structure of the protection bodies and determined methods and means of implementing the tasks. However, the proposed projects were not embodied into laws. The indecision of the government in this matter intensified the initiative of public organizations, including the ones in the Tver province. As a result, the revolutionary events of 1917 served as a kind of catalyst for this process. The main ideas of the projects of the late XIX-th – early XX-th centuries found their real embodiment in the resolutions of the Soviet government of the 20s of the XX-th century. Undoubtedly, this happened taking into account the norms and realities of the socialist society under construction: the rigid centralization and unification of the organizational structures involved in the protection of monuments, the recognition of exclusively state ownership.

THE PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS IN THE TVER’ PROVINCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX-TH – THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XX-TH CENTURIES