I. Troshina Tatyana

FORMATION AND REPRODUCTION OF MODEL OF MASCULINE BEHAVIOUR IN CULTURES OF HUNTERS AND FISHERMEN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POMERANIAN OF THE POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH)

Authors

I. Troshina Tatyana

Keywords:

Gender stereotypes, femininity, masculinity, European North of Russia, ethnographic sources, traditional culture, Pomor culture, men (male), traditional socialization, climatic factors, modernization, social and cultural marginalization.

Abstract

The relevance of the article is connected with search for the historical and cultural roots of the feminization of modern society. In this perspective, the author makes a criticism of the existing historiography image Pomor – enterprising and courageous Russian man, the inhabitant of the Far North. In article on the basis of a complex variety of sources shows the process the process of socialization of the men in the traditional culture of the Russian North (culture of marine hunters and fishermen) and its transformation under the influence of economic and social change. The author proceeds from the assumption that the formation of Pomor culture and its corresponding the type of personality was the result of a forced adaptation of the bearers of Russian culture to severe natural-climatic conditions of the European North. When changes of economic activity and there was a shift to agricultural pursuits, these qualities become redundant. Moreover, they create difficulties for farming. As a result, gender equality, which has developed in connection with the division of duties and was characteristic to the «appropriating» societies became more exploitation of women. Women were engaged not only in domestic and farm work, but were forced to take part in participation in fishing activities. Men easily changed fishing on factory work, which allowed fast result (receiving material benefits). The author also notes that the type of male character, formed at Pomors, was different from the type of «citizen» in which the state was needed. These qualities began to form with the help of state institutions, such as church, school, army. The complex of these circumstances (economic, cultural, social) contributed strain of male behavior. Men begin to neglect their social and family responsibilities.

FORMATION AND REPRODUCTION OF MODEL OF MASCULINE BEHAVIOUR IN CULTURES OF HUNTERS AND FISHERMEN (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POMERANIAN OF THE POPULATION OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH)