Human corporeality: the problem of its preservation and "improvement"
Abstract
The article examines cultural and historical examples of mummification of outstanding personalities, confirming the religious basis of the attitude to the human body, embodying the hope for immortality. The socio-anthropological project of communists, the modern ideological struggle of mutually exclusive approaches to improving human body – Christian organic and transhumanistic, occult-mechanistic – are analyzed. The thesis is substantiated that the answers to the eternal philosophical questions of what underlies human body and distinguishes it from the man-machine systems of secular thinking are in the field of religious and philosophical anthropology, which asserts the ontologism of human nature, its fundamental damage and the need for supernatural intervention in its healing. The unity of pseudo-religious roots of the ideology of communism and transhumanism, their anthropotechnical installation and main goal – «reforging» human nature to a given standard for maximum enjoyment of earthly life, the utopian and anti-human ideal of the «superman» is revealed. In the technical version of the fight against biological death, the real properties of a person as an individual are replaced by biotechnical characteristics and a set of functions. It is concluded that utopian anthropological projects can significantly damage human nature and destroy him as an individual, which, apparently, is the main goal of godless ideologies.